Anthropic 的 Claude Mythos Preview 模型在密码学研究方面展现了先进的能力，它自主发现了数字签名方案 HAWK 和高级加密标准 (AES) 的简化版本中的漏洞。虽然这些发现目前不影响已部署的系统，但它们凸显了前沿人工智能模型进行专家级密码分析的潜力，这可能具有重大的防御应用。Anthropic 与苏黎世联邦理工学院、特拉维夫大学和海法大学的学者合作，开发了 CryptanalysisBench，这是一个用于评估大型语言模型密码分析能力的基准。 AI
影响 展示了前沿人工智能模型在专家级密码学研究方面的潜力，对防御性网络安全应用具有重要意义。
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We also worked with academics at ETH Zurich, Tel Aviv University, and the University of Haifa to build CryptanalysisBench, a benchmark for studying LLMs’ cryptanalysis abilities. https://t.co/OEYhGjH5Lj
Full technical details of both attacks are provided in our new papers: On HAWK: https://t.co/JtLzetLOtU On AES: https://t.co/7pozPjc4o8 And the associated model chain-of-thought for AES: https://t.co/Cg1tfTJhvi
Still, both results show that frontier AI models are capable of doing expert-level cryptography research. This has important defensive applications—testing the algorithms that keep our online activity secure, and ultimately helping to make digital systems safer.
These are substantial research advances, but they don’t have a practical impact on today’s systems. HAWK is a proposed scheme that hasn’t been deployed anywhere, and the AES attack we discovered was on a weaker version and does not break the full cipher.
Mythos Preview did most of this work autonomously, with occasional human guidance. Each of the two results cost roughly $100,000 in API usage. We disclosed the findings in advance to the algorithms’ authors, as well as to US government and industry partners.
The symmetric cipher is a reduced version of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)—which has received decades of scrutiny (more than almost any other encryption algorithm). In a week, Mythos Preview found a way to speed up an attack on this version of AES by 200-800×.
The digital signature scheme is HAWK, which is designed to be robust even against hypothetical quantum computers. HAWK has survived two years of expert review, but in 60 hours Mythos Preview found a previously-unknown attack that reduced the scheme’s key strength by half.
Claude discovered weaknesses in a highly-secure digital signature scheme (used to verify identity digitally) and a well-known symmetric cipher (used to encrypt data).
New Anthropic research: Discovering cryptographic weaknesses with Claude. Claude Mythos Preview has helped our researchers find weaknesses in cryptographic algorithms—the mathematical methods that are used to keep data private. Read more: https://t.co/TYKLjb3Q7V