arXiv:2607.14506v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: While reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is widely used to improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), the generalizability of the resulting models remains poorly understood. In this work…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Asha Ramanujam (Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN), Adam Elyoumi (Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN), Hao Chen (Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue Univ…·
arXiv:2506.02255v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Most existing safe reinforcement learning (RL) benchmarks focus on robotics and control tasks, offering limited relevance to high-stakes domains that involve structured constraints, mixed-integer decisions, and industrial comple…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Zikun Zhang, Jiayuan Sheng, David D. Yao, Wenpin Tang·
arXiv:2607.14522v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We formulate reinforcement learning (RL) in continuous time with discrete state spaces and possibly arbitrary action spaces via a stochastic control approach, where the state dynamics are modeled as a controlled continuous-time Mark…
arXiv:2607.14171v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning has emerged as the dominant paradigm for training large language model (LLM) agents that interact with executable sandboxes. State-of-the-art algorithms such as PPO, RLOO, and GRPO inherit their rollout topo…
arXiv:2607.14777v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models are increasingly trained as interactive agents for long-horizon tasks involving multi-turn interaction, tool use, and environment feedback. Outcome-based reinforcement learning (RL) provides a practical optimiz…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Mattie Fellows, Clarisse Wibault, Uljad Berdica, Johannes Forkel, Maike Osborne, Jakob N. Foerster·
arXiv:2503.18607v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce the Switching Non-Stationary Markov Decision Process (SNS-MDP) framework, in which the environment transitions among a finite set of MDPs governed by a latent Markov chain while the agent observes only the ext…
Large language models are increasingly trained as interactive agents for long-horizon tasks involving multi-turn interaction, tool use, and environment feedback. Outcome-based reinforcement learning (RL) provides a practical optimization paradigm, but its sparse trajectory-level …
arXiv:2607.13498v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Learning a compact model of the world from interaction data is central to sample-efficient deep reinforcement learning. Spectral representation methods have become the leading paradigm for representation learning in continuous contr…
arXiv:2607.13655v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Explainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL) seeks to make Reinforcement Learning (RL) policies more transparent and interpretable, a key requirement in safety-critical and human-centric scenarios. However, it is mostly based on user st…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Andrea Maria Braghin, Nicol\`o Botteghi, Matteo Tomasetto, Andrea Manzoni, Gabriele Cazzulani·
arXiv:2607.13553v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Autonomous robotic navigation in nonstationary time-varying fluid flows remains a fundamental challenge due to partial observability and the unpredictability of realistic environments. While classical optimal control frameworks em…
arXiv:2607.13576v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Interactive driving, wherein an intelligent lead vehicle equipped with real-time traffic data coordinates route choices of connected vehicles, offers a promising approach to dynamic traffic management. To address the challenge of ha…
arXiv:2607.13175v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Safe reinforcement learning typically enforces safety by bounding expected cumulative costs, a criterion that often fails to detect rare but catastrophic tail events. To overcome these limitations, this paper introduces SteinGate,…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Jiale Fan, Andrei Cramariuc, Tifanny Portela, Marco Hutter·
arXiv:2510.12363v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The pretraining-finetuning paradigm has facilitated numerous transformative advancements in artificial intelligence research in recent years. However, in the domain of reinforcement learning (RL) for robot locomotion, indi…
arXiv:2601.04365v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In evolutionary reinforcement learning tasks (ERL), agent policies are often encoded as small artificial neural networks (NERL). Such representations lack explicit modular structure, limiting behavioral interpretation. We invest…
We formulate reinforcement learning (RL) in continuous time with discrete state spaces and possibly arbitrary action spaces via a stochastic control approach, where the state dynamics are modeled as a controlled continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC). We consider policy optimization…
While reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is widely used to improve the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), the generalizability of the resulting models remains poorly understood. In this work, we establish the first non-vacuous generalizatio…
Large language models are increasingly trained as interactive agents for long-horizon tasks involving multi-turn interaction, tool use, and environment feedback. Outcome-based reinforcement learning (RL) provides a practical optimization paradigm, but its sparse trajectory-level …
Explainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL) seeks to make Reinforcement Learning (RL) policies more transparent and interpretable, a key requirement in safety-critical and human-centric scenarios. However, it is mostly based on user studies, thus targeting the needs of a specific au…
Reinforcement learning has emerged as the dominant paradigm for training large language model (LLM) agents that interact with executable sandboxes. State-of-the-art algorithms such as PPO, RLOO, and GRPO inherit their rollout topology from RLHF: for each prompt, N independent tra…
Interactive driving, wherein an intelligent lead vehicle equipped with real-time traffic data coordinates route choices of connected vehicles, offers a promising approach to dynamic traffic management. To address the challenge of harmonising decisions, this paper considers the st…
Autonomous robotic navigation in nonstationary time-varying fluid flows remains a fundamental challenge due to partial observability and the unpredictability of realistic environments. While classical optimal control frameworks employed in robotics require unrealistic a-priori gl…
Learning a compact model of the world from interaction data is central to sample-efficient deep reinforcement learning. Spectral representation methods have become the leading paradigm for representation learning in continuous control by taking a matrix view of the transition ker…
arXiv:2607.11906v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The development of decision-pretrained transformers, algorithm distillation, long-context meta-RL, and retrieval-augmented agents has renewed interest in in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL): the ability of a pretrained or fine-…
arXiv:2607.12784v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning has revolutionized the landscape of robotic research, allowing robust learning of complex robotic skills in simulation. However, real-world deployment in open-ended environments requires strong safety guaran…
arXiv:2607.12590v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is traditionally concerned with learning a control policy for a fixed environment. In many engineering systems, however, the environment itself is alterable: physical or operational parameters can be tu…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Zhouchonghao Wu, Raymond Song, Vedant Mundheda, Luis E. Navarro-Serment, Christof Schoenborn, Jeff Schneider·
arXiv:2603.05995v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Off-road autonomous driving poses significant challenges such as navigating unmapped, variable terrain with uncertain and diverse dynamics. Addressing these challenges requires effective long-horizon planning and adaptable…
arXiv:2601.19624v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Real-world reinforcement learning often faces environment drift, but most existing methods rely on static entropy coefficients/target entropy, causing over-exploration during stable periods and under-exploration after drif…
arXiv:2509.24372v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks is an essential stage of modern AI deployment. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as the dominant fine-tuning paradigm, underpinning many state-of-the-art …
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Emil Mittag, Richard Dazeley, Peter Vamplew·
arXiv:2607.12924v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we study Reinforcement Learning in Parametrized Action Markov Decision Processes (PAMDP), where each decision consists of a symbolic action and numerical parameters. In such settings Reinforcement Learning algorithms …
arXiv:2607.11959v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Greenhouse reinforcement learning can test climate-control ideas at a speed and scale that is difficult to achieve with crop experiments alone. For smart-greenhouse control, however, a single simulator return is not enough: a grower…
In this paper, we study Reinforcement Learning in Parametrized Action Markov Decision Processes (PAMDP), where each decision consists of a symbolic action and numerical parameters. In such settings Reinforcement Learning algorithms typically determine parameters with one-shot est…
Reinforcement Learning has revolutionized the landscape of robotic research, allowing robust learning of complex robotic skills in simulation. However, real-world deployment in open-ended environments requires strong safety guarantees to prevent dangerous or harmful behaviors. Sa…
Reinforcement Learning has revolutionized the landscape of robotic research, allowing robust learning of complex robotic skills in simulation. However, real-world deployment in open-ended environments requires strong safety guarantees to prevent dangerous or harmful behaviors. Sa…
Reinforcement learning (RL) is traditionally concerned with learning a control policy for a fixed environment. In many engineering systems, however, the environment itself is alterable: physical or operational parameters can be tuned to shape the transition dynamics and costs exp…
Reliable reinforcement learning (RL) agents must maintain operational integrity amidst sensor malfunctions, dynamic disturbances, and slow environmental shifts. The detection of out-of-distribution conditions is pivotal to determining when an agent's observations, transitions, or…
Reliable reinforcement learning (RL) agents must maintain operational integrity amidst sensor malfunctions, dynamic disturbances, and slow environmental shifts. The detection of out-of-distribution conditions is pivotal to determining when an agent's observations, transitions, or…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Jiaheng Hu, Zizhao Wang, Peter Stone, Roberto Mart\'in-Mart\'in·
arXiv:2410.11251v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: A hallmark of intelligent agents is the ability to learn reusable skills purely from unsupervised interaction with the environment. However, existing unsupervised skill discovery methods often learn entangled skills where one sk…
arXiv:2607.10802v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning is usually introduced through the Bellman update, yet the equation often remains abstract to undergraduates: they watch policy arrows converge but rarely observe how each value is computed or why an action i…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Simone Drago, Marco Mussi, Leonardo Bianconi, Alberto Maria Metelli·
arXiv:2607.11432v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this work, we study the reinforcement learning (RL) problem from pairwise trajectory comparisons provided by a human expert. We generalize preference-based RL by formalizing a novel setting in which the expert can also label traj…
arXiv:2607.09886v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Inverse Reinforcement Learning recovers reward functions from expert demonstrations, but standard formulations assume that all demonstrations come from a single expert. When demonstrations are pooled from multiple experts with disti…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Bonan Wang, Letian Tao, Bin Shuai, Jiaxin Gao, Wenxin Zhao, Wei Xiong, Kehua Sheng, Bo Zhang, Yang Guan, Shengbo Eben Li·
arXiv:2606.21587v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep reinforcement learning is pivotal for closed-loop autonomous driving yet remains constrained by severe bottlenecks in sampling efficiency. Standard parallel sampling mitigates this but suffers from the straggler effec…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Xiaoya Li, Albert Wang, Guoyin Wang, Chris Shum, Jiwei Li·
arXiv:2508.02091v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Approximate nearest-neighbor search (ANNS) algorithms have become increasingly critical for recent AI applications, particularly in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and agent-based LLM applications. In this paper, we p…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·John Wikman, Alexandre Proutiere, David Broman·
arXiv:2506.14411v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: In standard reinforcement learning (RL) settings, the interaction between the agent and the environment is typically modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP), which assumes that the agent observes the system state instan…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Pengfei Cai, Utkarsh Utkarsh, Alan Edelman, Christopher Vincent Rackauckas, Rafael Gomez-Bombarelli·
arXiv:2607.09866v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Offline-to-online reinforcement learning is promising for generalizable robotic manipulation, yet its full-stack complexity obscures reproduction and diagnosis. Within such systems, value estimation plays a central role in priorit…
arXiv:2607.09685v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Policy models often assume that the relationship between a policy instrument and its outcome remains stable across institutional conditions. In adaptive socio-technical systems this assumption may fail: regulatory change can alter…
arXiv:2607.10966v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We introduce Self-Verified Reasoner (SVR-R1), a multi-turn RL framework that turns a model's own verification into a learning signal for multimodal reasoning. For each query, the model proposes an answer using the same weights, and …
arXiv:2607.09773v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Computer-use agents must solve long-horizon tasks through repeated interaction with partially observable, multimodal desktop environments. Although imitation learning and offline trajectory refinement provide strong priors, static t…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Rongping Zhou, Omid Tavallaie, Shuaijun Chen, Albert Y. Zomaya·
arXiv:2607.10309v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is commonly employed to enhance the performance of autonomous systems, including the Autonomous Internet of Things (AIoT). However, the trial-and-error nature of RL, when conducted in real-world environme…
arXiv:2607.10369v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Flow-matching policies have emerged as an effective policy parameterization for robot learning. They iteratively generate actions from noise, enabling highly expressive modeling of complex and multimodal action distributions. Howe…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Baohe Zhang, Lilli Frison, Thomas Brox, Joschka B\"odecker·
arXiv:2409.19716v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Constrained Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a significant research area within RL, where integrating constraints with rewards is crucial for enhancing safety and performance across diverse control tasks. In the …
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·DeepReinforce Team, Xiaoya Li, Guoyin Wang, Songqiao Su, Chris Shum, Jiwei Li·
arXiv:2604.02721v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Competitive programming remains one of the last few human strongholds in coding against AI. The best AI system to date still underperforms the best humans competitive programming: the most recent best result, Google's Gemini~3 D…
arXiv:2607.11874v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent work in humanoid whole-body control has found success with a simple recipe: retarget human motion to robot kinematic references, then train policies via reinforcement learning (RL) to track them. But how does this recipe tr…
Recent work in humanoid whole-body control has found success with a simple recipe: retarget human motion to robot kinematic references, then train policies via reinforcement learning (RL) to track them. But how does this recipe transfer to dexterous manipulation? The answer is no…
Vehicles are increasingly equipped with advanced V2X communication capabilities. While early V2X apps utilized services such as Cooperative Awareness Messages, recent developments have allowed more advanced applications including cooperative driving, shared perception, and sensor…
Background: Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables effective policies to be trained from large, previously collected datasets and subsequently improved through limited online interaction. This offline-to-online RL (O2O-RL) paradigm is particularly promising in nonstationary …
Background: Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables effective policies to be trained from large, previously collected datasets and subsequently improved through limited online interaction. This offline-to-online RL (O2O-RL) paradigm is particularly promising in nonstationary …
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Alberto Maria Metelli·
In this work, we study the reinforcement learning (RL) problem from pairwise trajectory comparisons provided by a human expert. We generalize preference-based RL by formalizing a novel setting in which the expert can also label trajectory pairs as incomparable, i.e., when neither…
arXiv:2607.09492v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly used to align multimodal large language models (MLLMs), but higher rewards do not always imply better task performance. This risk is amplified when visual evidence is evaluated by text-onl…
arXiv:2607.09336v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Diffusion-based trajectory planners have shown strong performance in offline reinforcement learning, but their iterative denoising process often incurs high inference cost. Consistency-based planners reduce the number of sampling …
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Brent Kong, Tejas Ram, Tony Yue Yu·
arXiv:2607.08984v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AlphaZero has demonstrated that a neural-guided Monte Carlo Tree Search can achieve superhuman performance, but strong play does not necessarily imply perfect play. We study this gap in two oracle-evaluable domains with contrastin…
arXiv:2606.20858v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The temporal structure of reward composition in reinforcement learning (RL) is typically hand-designed and held fixed throughout training, leaving the progression of motivational priorities largely unexplored. In this work, we p…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Iris Xu, Sunshine Jiang, John Marangola, Nitish Dashora, Richard Li, Thomas Liu, Zexue He, Yuheng Zhi, Alex Pentland, Pulkit Agrawal, Zhang-Wei Hong·
arXiv:2607.09042v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly used to post-train vision-language-action (VLA) models, but every update consumes robot rollouts that are slow and costly to collect, making sample efficiency a central concern. Manipulati…
arXiv:2607.08925v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training reinforcement-learning agents directly on physical robots makes every fall costly, since a fall can damage the platform and cannot be undone like a simulator reset; the goal is therefore to minimize falls during training ra…
arXiv:2512.16861v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Long-horizon manipulation has been a long-standing challenge in the robotics community. We propose ReinforceGen, a system that combines task decomposition, data generation, imitation learning, and motion planning to form a…
Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly used to align multimodal large language models (MLLMs), but higher rewards do not always imply better task performance. This risk is amplified when visual evidence is evaluated by text-only or weakly grounded rewards. We study reward ha…
Diffusion-based trajectory planners have shown strong performance in offline reinforcement learning, but their iterative denoising process often incurs high inference cost. Consistency-based planners reduce the number of sampling steps, yet they typically rely on a two-stage teac…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Nivasini Ananthakrishnan, Mark Bedaywi, Michael I. Jordan, Stuart Russell, Nika Haghtalab·
arXiv:2607.08012v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper studies an online variant of the assistance games framework, where an informed agent and an uninformed agent repeatedly interact over $T$ timesteps to optimize a common reward function. While the informed agent (the hum…
arXiv:2607.07769v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Starting from the utilization of deep neural networks to approximate the state-action value function that led to winning one of the most challenging games, to algorithmic advancements that allowed solving problems without even exp…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Mumuksh Tayal, Manan Tayal, Ravi Prakash·
arXiv:2607.07976v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, widely used critic-free RL methods rely on uniform credit assignment, broadcasting the s…
arXiv:2306.02704v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We introduce \emph{Calibrated Stackelberg Games (CSGs)}, a generalization of the standard Stackelberg Games (SGs) framework. In CSGs, a principal repeatedly interacts with an agent who (contrary to standard SGs) does not h…
arXiv:2601.22448v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: RLVR has become a standard recipe for training LLMs on reasoning tasks with verifiable outcomes, but when rollout generation dominates the cost, efficiency hinges on which prompts are sampled and when. In practice, prompt …
Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly used to post-train vision-language-action (VLA) models, but every update consumes robot rollouts that are slow and costly to collect, making sample efficiency a central concern. Manipulation tasks typically provide only sparse rewards, …
AlphaZero has demonstrated that a neural-guided Monte Carlo Tree Search can achieve superhuman performance, but strong play does not necessarily imply perfect play. We study this gap in two oracle-evaluable domains with contrasting structure: Connect Four, a solved partisan game …
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Zhenyu Hou, Yujiang Li, Jie Tang, Yuxiao Dong·
arXiv:2607.07508v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is becoming increasingly important for post-training large language models (LLMs). Previous RL pipelines for LLMs were mostly synchronous and batch-interleaved, which is inefficient for long-horizon age…
arXiv:2603.05296v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Offline reinforcement learning (RL) allows robots to learn from offline datasets without risky exploration. Yet, offline RL's performance often hinges on a brittle trade-off between (1) return maximization, which can push …
arXiv:2607.06935v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly grounded in tools from probability, optimization, and operator theory. This survey organizes the mathematical structures that underpin the design and analysis of modern algorithms in RL.…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Georg Sch\"afer, Jakob Rehrl, Stefan Huber, Simon Hirlaender·
arXiv:2607.07252v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) enables the synthesis of control policies directly from data, making it highly appealing for complex cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and robotics. A persistent challenge, however, is ensuring strict, hard s…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Ignacio D. Lopez-Miguel, Ezio Bartocci, Thomas Eiter, Martin Tappler·
arXiv:2607.07235v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Explainability remains a key issue in reinforcement learning (RL). Distilling an interpretable policy from an agent trained in a complex environment is particularly challenging when the action space is continuous. We introduce ORC…
arXiv:2607.07178v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Recent breakthroughs of Reinforcement Learning (RL) have highlighted its potential for complex agentic Large Language Model (LLM) tasks. However, existing efforts largely focus on single-task settings, whereas real-world deploymen…
arXiv:2607.07029v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) policies can be unsafe and vulnerable to attacks. Ensuring their reliability is often a pain point as existing automated testing methods target only selected environments, testing scenarios, and RL algo…
Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, widely used critic-free RL methods rely on uniform credit assignment, broadcasting the same advantage to all tokens regardless of their di…
Reinforcement learning (RL) is becoming increasingly important for post-training large language models (LLMs). Previous RL pipelines for LLMs were mostly synchronous and batch-interleaved, which is inefficient for long-horizon agentic tasks. Recently, asynchronous RL has emerged …
Reinforcement learning (RL) is becoming increasingly important for post-training large language models (LLMs). Previous RL pipelines for LLMs were mostly synchronous and batch-interleaved, which is inefficient for long-horizon agentic tasks. Recently, asynchronous RL has emerged …
Reinforcement learning (RL) enables the synthesis of control policies directly from data, making it highly appealing for complex cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and robotics. A persistent challenge, however, is ensuring strict, hard safety constraints during the active learning pha…
Reinforcement learning (RL) enables the synthesis of control policies directly from data, making it highly appealing for complex cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and robotics. A persistent challenge, however, is ensuring strict, hard safety constraints during the active learning pha…
Explainability remains a key issue in reinforcement learning (RL). Distilling an interpretable policy from an agent trained in a complex environment is particularly challenging when the action space is continuous. We introduce ORCAID, a novel method for extracting interpretable r…
Recent breakthroughs of Reinforcement Learning (RL) have highlighted its potential for complex agentic Large Language Model (LLM) tasks. However, existing efforts largely focus on single-task settings, whereas real-world deployment necessitates a generalist agent capable of solvi…
Recent breakthroughs of Reinforcement Learning (RL) have highlighted its potential for complex agentic Large Language Model (LLM) tasks. However, existing efforts largely focus on single-task settings, whereas real-world deployment necessitates a generalist agent capable of solvi…
Reinforcement learning (RL) policies can be unsafe and vulnerable to attacks. Ensuring their reliability is often a pain point as existing automated testing methods target only selected environments, testing scenarios, and RL algorithms. To address this, we propose a comprehensiv…
arXiv:2607.05541v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning is commonly used to train large language models using environmental feedback. In applied settings, the environment usually provides sparse or delayed feedback. This makes it difficult for the model to pinpoi…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Yuhang Zhou, Kai Zheng, Haoling Li, Dengyun Peng, Can Xu, Jingjing Chen·
arXiv:2607.05804v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: On-policy distillation (OPD) trains a student policy by matching a stronger teacher on the student's own trajectories, offering a promising framework for language agent training. However, its application to long-horizon agentic task…
arXiv:2607.05773v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents, traditional static evaluation fails to capture multi-step decision-making. We introduce AgenticAI-Supervisor, an API and UI-driven RL Gym environment that decouples envi…
arXiv:2607.05458v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents are usually improved by changing prompts, models, or hand-written workflows, while the execution harness around the model is treated as fixed infrastructure. We argue that this harness is itself a…
arXiv:2504.16595v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Packing objects efficiently is a fundamental problem in logistics, warehouse automation, and robotics. When dealing with highly diverse 3D objects (household or grocery items), closed-form solutions are infeasible, and heu…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Shuze Daniel Liu, Claire Chen, Jiabao Sean Xiao, Xin Chen, David Simchi-Levi·
arXiv:2607.05863v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Negotiation is a fundamental strategic interaction in management science, characterized by agents attempting to reach agreements while protecting private information, such as reservation costs and hidden valuations. A prevalent yet …
arXiv:2607.06175v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) can generate BPMN process models from natural-language descriptions, yet supervised fine-tuning (SFT) limits their output quality to the patterns present in the training data. Reinforcement learning (R…
arXiv:2607.06223v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning has become a promising paradigm for improving large language model (LLM) agents on long-horizon search tasks, where the agent must make a sequence of intermediate decisions before receiving a final outcome. Ho…
Asynchronous reinforcement learning with single-rollout optimization addresses stability issues in LLM training for complex tasks, outperforming existing methods in coding and reasoning benchmarks.
Starting from the utilization of deep neural networks to approximate the state-action value function that led to winning one of the most challenging games, to algorithmic advancements that allowed solving problems without even explicitly stating the rules of the challenge at hand…
Reinforcement learning has become a promising paradigm for improving large language model (LLM) agents on long-horizon search tasks, where the agent must make a sequence of intermediate decisions before receiving a final outcome. However, existing methods still face a key limitat…
Large language models (LLMs) can generate BPMN process models from natural-language descriptions, yet supervised fine-tuning (SFT) limits their output quality to the patterns present in the training data. Reinforcement learning (RL) can optimize beyond this ceiling using external…
Negotiation is a fundamental strategic interaction in management science, characterized by agents attempting to reach agreements while protecting private information, such as reservation costs and hidden valuations. A prevalent yet complex scenario involves a single seller negoti…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Faid Keddouri, Sohaib Houhou, Aissa Boulmerka, Nadir Farhi·
arXiv:2607.04470v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a natural interface for translating human objectives into reward signals for cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), yet the training-time dynamics of this integration remain poorl…
arXiv:2607.03702v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language model (LLM) agents have shown strong decision-making capabilities in long-horizon interactive tasks, yet they still struggle to effectively leverage failed trajectories: full retries incur high interaction costs, whil…
arXiv:2607.04242v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Group-based reinforcement learning (RL) has become an effective paradigm for improving large language model agents on long-horizon interactive tasks. To obtain finer-grained policy updates than trajectory-level optimization, recent …
arXiv:2607.04854v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Despite their strong reasoning capabilities and extensive world knowledge, Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently generate plans that violate task constraints, undermining their reliability in real-world applications. This deficien…
arXiv:2607.04153v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Vision-based deep reinforcement learning involves dealing with high-dimensional inputs of image information. It is crucial to abstract effective states from high-dimensional image inputs and limited samples for sample-efficient re…
arXiv:2607.04265v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: World-action (WA) models can generate long-horizon action chunks for general-purpose robotic manipulation, but they remain vulnerable to calibration, perception, and contact-dynamics errors in real-world precision tasks, often fai…
arXiv:2607.04713v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning holds significant potential for training large language models (LLMs) to handle multi-turn interactive tasks. However, in long-horizon, multi-turn tasks characterized by sparse outcome rewards, directly trai…
arXiv:2507.04136v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: This survey offers a comprehensive foundation on the integration of RL with language models, highlighting prominent algorithms such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), Q-Learning, and Actor-Critic methods. Additionally, it pr…
arXiv:2601.07376v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: We introduce \textsc{OpenTinker}, an open infrastructure for training large language model (LLM) agents with many LoRA-backed policies over shared execution resources. Modern agent workloads mix supervised fine-tuning (SFT), onl…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Xiaoxuan Wang, Han Zhang, Haixin Wang, Yidan Shi, Ruoyan Li, Kaiqiao Han, Chenyi Tong, Haoran Deng, Renliang Sun, Alexander Taylor, Yanqiao Zhu, Jason Cong, Yizhou Sun, Wei Wang·
arXiv:2602.21534v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Agentic reinforcement learning (ARL) has rapidly gained attention as a promising paradigm for training agents to solve complex, multi-step interactive tasks. Despite encouraging early results, ARL remains highly unstable, often …
arXiv:2509.11259v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Recent advancements in machine learning have largely been driven by foundation models (FMs) trained on large, diverse datasets, enabling them to generalize effectively to new, related tasks. However, extending this paradig…
arXiv:2510.01460v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Offline-to-online reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a practical paradigm that leverages offline datasets for pretraining and online interactions for fine-tuning. However, its empirical behavior is highly inconsist…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Johannes Ackermann, Michael Noukhovitch, Takashi Ishida, Masashi Sugiyama·
arXiv:2602.18037v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) or Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) are two key steps in the post-training of modern Language Models (LMs). A common problem is reward hacking, where the policy may exploit inaccu…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Siyuan Wang, Lei Lei, Pranav Maheshwari, Sam Bellefeuille, Kan Zheng·
arXiv:2603.06607v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Radio resource allocation (RRA) is a critical function in cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) networks, where vehicles must share limited wireless resources to support safety-critical communications. Multi-agent reinfor…
arXiv cs.CL
TIER_1English(EN)·Mickel Liu, Liwei Jiang, Yancheng Liang, Simon Shaolei Du, Yejin Choi, Tim Althoff, Natasha Jaques·
arXiv:2506.07468v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Conventional large language model (LLM) safety alignment relies on a reactive, disjoint loop: attackers exploit a static model, then defenders patch exposed vulnerabilities. This sequential setup leads to attackers overfit…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Georg Sch\"afer, Jakob Rehrl, Stefan Huber, Simon Hirlaender·
arXiv:2607.03140v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Industrial automation increasingly demands control strategies that balance operational performance with strict energy efficiency requirements. A common approach to solving this multi-objective problem, particularly within the framew…
arXiv:2607.03903v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-task offline safe reinforcement learning (RL) promises to learn a shared optimal safe policy from offline data across multiple tasks. This paradigm provides an effective means for the widespread application of RL in multi-task…
arXiv:2607.04332v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we consider the setting where large language models (LLMs) are trained using reinforcement learning (RL) to simultaneously improve reasoning accuracy and verbalize its confidence. Our reward scheme uses two functions …
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Mao-Lin Luo, Zhe-Xu Wang, Zi-Hao Zhou, Bo Ye, Jian Zhao, Min-Ling Zhang, Tong Wei·
arXiv:2607.04364v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Continual post-training is becoming a central paradigm for adapting vision-language models to evolving tasks. Recent work has increasingly favored reinforcement learning over supervised fine-tuning, driven by the belief that reinfor…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Fan Feng, Yujia Zheng, Minghao Fu, Yongqiang Chen, Guangyi Chen, Kevin Murphy, Biwei Huang, Kun Zhang·
arXiv:2607.04409v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Learning and planning in imagination using world models provides an effective paradigm for training agents for decision-making. However, existing approaches often rely on high-dimensional latent spaces or generic visual embeddings t…
arXiv:2607.04990v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This work delivers two key contributions: one to efficient feature selection in reinforcement learning (RL), the other to the theory of non-monotone inclusions. On the RL side, the estimation bias inherent in conventional regulariza…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Yujiang Li, Zhenyu Hou, Yi Jing, Jie Tang, Yuxiao Dong·
arXiv:2607.05378v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Long-horizon agentic LLMs are increasingly limited by finite context windows, as extended interaction trajectories can exceed the maximum context length before a task is completed. Context compaction offers a natural solution by sum…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Jialun Cao, Fernando Acero, David \v{S}i\v{s}ka, Yufei Zhang·
arXiv:2607.03168v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Entropy regularization is widely used in continuous-time reinforcement learning (RL) to reduce sensitivity to environmental perturbations, yet its robustness benefits lack a rigorous theoretical foundation. This paper establishes …
arXiv:2408.09112v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning policies parametrized by deep neural networks have achieved strong performance for continuous control, yet even small input perturbations may lead to unpredictable behavior. This sensitivity limits their u…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Waris Radji, Thomas Michel, Hector Piteau·
arXiv:2510.01764v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) research requires diverse, challenging environments that are both tractable and scalable. While modern video games may offer rich dynamics, they are computationally expensive and poorly suited for lar…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Vidur Sinha, Muhammed Ustaomeroglu, Guannan Qu·
arXiv:2511.13103v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown promise for large-scale network control, yet existing methods face two major limitations. First, they typically rely on an exponential decay property of agent interactions on f…
arXiv:2601.15141v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Agentic Reinforcement Learning (RL) has empowered Large Language Models (LLMs) to utilize tools like Python interpreters for complex problem-solving. However, for parameter-constrained models (e.g., 4B--7B), the exploration phas…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Bang Giang Le, Viet Cuong Ta·
arXiv:2601.21523v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: To promote cooperation in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, the reward signals of all agents can be aggregated together, forming global rewards that are commonly known as the fully cooperative setting. However, global rewards …
On-policy distillation (OPD) trains a student policy by matching a stronger teacher on the student's own trajectories, offering a promising framework for language agent training. However, its application to long-horizon agentic tasks remains insufficiently explored. We identify t…
Turn-level budgeting strategy for efficient on-policy distillation in long-horizon agent training addresses inefficiencies in full-horizon rollouts and shallow token concentration.
RoboTALES introduces a two-stage framework that combines LLM-based planning and VLM-based criticism to improve task-aligned video generation and robotic policy training.
Long-horizon agentic LLMs are increasingly limited by finite context windows, as extended interaction trajectories can exceed the maximum context length before a task is completed. Context compaction offers a natural solution by summarizing previous interaction states and continu…
This work delivers two key contributions: one to efficient feature selection in reinforcement learning (RL), the other to the theory of non-monotone inclusions. On the RL side, the estimation bias inherent in conventional regularization schemes is addressed by augmenting classica…
Despite their strong reasoning capabilities and extensive world knowledge, Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently generate plans that violate task constraints, undermining their reliability in real-world applications. This deficiency arises from a lack of systematic mechanisms t…
Despite their strong reasoning capabilities and extensive world knowledge, Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently generate plans that violate task constraints, undermining their reliability in real-world applications. This deficiency arises from a lack of systematic mechanisms t…
Large language model (LLM) agents are usually improved by changing prompts, models, or hand-written workflows, while the execution harness around the model is treated as fixed infrastructure. We argue that this harness is itself a learnable control layer. We formalize harness ope…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Kevin Wang, Kevin Yang, Arjun Prakash, Amy Greenwald·
arXiv:2607.01498v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We investigate the problem of learning useful policy representations (embeddings) in two-player zero-sum imperfect-information games. We make three contributions: First, we introduce methods of creating datasets of policies for a gi…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Jen-Yen Chang, Takayuki Osa, Tatsuya Harada·
arXiv:2607.01880v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Value functions are an essential component in actor-critic based deep reinforcement learning (RL). Conventionally, these functions are trained as a regression task by minimising the mean squared error (MSE) relative to bootstrapped …
arXiv:2607.02137v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We study timestep allocation for score-based diffusion sampling, where a learned reverse-time dynamics is discretized on a finite grid. Uniform and hand-crafted schedules are standard choices, but they rely on fixed prescriptions …
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Yuriy Maksyuta, George Bredis, Ruslan Rakhimov, Daniil Gavrilov·
arXiv:2607.01897v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We introduce Rank-Then-Act (RTA), a framework for learning control policies from expert video demonstrations without environment rewards. RTA trains a Vision-Language Model (VLM) offline as a progress-based ordinal scorer, using a…
arXiv:2607.01794v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: With the rapid development of autonomous aerial systems, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly deployed in applications such as inspection, environmental monitoring, and rescue, creating growing demand for reliable auto…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Juliette Decugis, Sean O'Brien, Francis Bach, Gabriel Synnaeve, Taco Cohen·
arXiv:2607.01490v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning post-training dramatically improves LLM reasoning, but suffers from training instability and diversity collapse. Advantage functions offer an appealing fix: they reshape the training objective, reweight whic…
arXiv:2607.01525v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This monograph provides an introduction to mean field reinforcement learning through the lens of Markov decision processes arising from large-population stochastic control with mean field interactions and common noise. Starting fr…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Anish Diwan, Davide Tateo, Christopher E. Mower, Haitham Bou-Ammar, Jan Peters, Oleg Arenz·
arXiv:2605.11020v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is typically formulated as maximizing entropy subject to matching the distribution of expert trajectories. Classical (dual-ascent) IRL guarantees monotonic performance improvement but r…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Daniel Thi Graviet, Lovre Pesut, Ivan Dagelic, Vedran Jukic, Ivan Burazin·
arXiv:2607.01415v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Coding-agent reinforcement learning treats execution infrastructure as a background implementation detail, despite relying on large numbers of interactive software rollouts. This is a missed opportunity: measuring infrastructure ove…
We study timestep allocation for score-based diffusion sampling, where a learned reverse-time dynamics is discretized on a finite grid. Uniform and hand-crafted schedules are standard choices, but they rely on fixed prescriptions and can therefore be suboptimal. To address this l…
We study timestep allocation for score-based diffusion sampling, where a learned reverse-time dynamics is discretized on a finite grid. Uniform and hand-crafted schedules are standard choices, but they rely on fixed prescriptions and can therefore be suboptimal. To address this l…
arXiv:2607.00808v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Pre-training on large-scale videos to improve reinforcement learning efficiency is promising yet remains challenging. Existing methods typically treat the agent as an indivisible entity, modeling motion patterns globally. Such globa…
arXiv:2510.04140v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a widely adopted technique for enhancing the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the effectiveness of RLVR strongly depends on the capabili…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Zhiqi Li, Wen Zhang, Bo Zhu·
arXiv:2607.00535v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Few-step flow-map generators, such as consistency models and MeanFlow, accelerate sampling by directly learning long-range transport maps between noise and data. However, these models are typically deterministic, which makes them …
arXiv:2607.00452v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Actor-critic methods depend on learned critics, but critic quality is often evaluated only indirectly through return, temporal-difference error, or value loss. Critic complexity is introduced as an additional diagnostic and interv…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Jongchan Park, Seungjun Oh, Seungho Baek, Yusung Kim·
arXiv:2607.00392v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning (URL) aims to pre-train scalable, skill-conditioned policies without extrinsic rewards, serving as a foundation for downstream control tasks. Despite recent progress, we argue that current off-p…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Egor Cherepanov, Daniil Zelezetsky, Alexey K. Kovalev, Aleksandr I. Panov·
arXiv:2601.14232v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Pixel-based reinforcement learning agents often fail under purely visual distribution shift even when latent dynamics and rewards are unchanged, but existing benchmarks entangle multiple sources of shift and hinder systema…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Gaia Molinaro, Anne G. E. Collins·
arXiv:2509.06810v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Humans can uniquely assign value to novel, abstract outcomes to support reinforcement learning. However, this flexibility is cognitively costly and reduces learning efficiency. We propose that goal-dependent learning initi…
arXiv:2510.24636v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reward models (RMs) have become essential for aligning large language models (LLMs), serving as scalable proxies for human evaluation in both training and inference. However, existing RMs struggle on knowledge-intensive and long…
arXiv:2607.00796v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Visual Reinforcement Learning (VRL) has achieved considerable success in solving control tasks. However, generalizing learned policies to new environments remains a major challenge, as agents often overfit to task-irrelevant feature…
This monograph provides an introduction to mean field reinforcement learning through the lens of Markov decision processes arising from large-population stochastic control with mean field interactions and common noise. Starting from the connection between multi-agent reinforcemen…
Pre-training on large-scale videos to improve reinforcement learning efficiency is promising yet remains challenging. Existing methods typically treat the agent as an indivisible entity, modeling motion patterns globally. Such global modeling is tightly coupled with the morpholog…
Visual Reinforcement Learning (VRL) has achieved considerable success in solving control tasks. However, generalizing learned policies to new environments remains a major challenge, as agents often overfit to task-irrelevant features in the training environment. To solve this pro…
Few-step flow-map generators, such as consistency models and MeanFlow, accelerate sampling by directly learning long-range transport maps between noise and data. However, these models are typically deterministic, which makes them difficult to optimize with reinforcement learning …
Actor-critic methods depend on learned critics, but critic quality is often evaluated only indirectly through return, temporal-difference error, or value loss. Critic complexity is introduced as an additional diagnostic and intervention dimension for actor-critic reinforcement le…
arXiv:2402.06734v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study data corruption robustness for reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) in an offline setting. Given an offline dataset of pairs of trajectories along with feedback about human preferences, an $\varepsilo…
arXiv:2606.32017v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Agentic reinforcement learning requires assigning credit to environment-facing actions such as searches, clicks, edits, navigation commands, and object interactions. Standard GRPO uses the final verifier outcome as a uniform advan…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Arshia Rafieioskouei, Tzu-Han Hsu, Matthew Lucas, Borzoo Bonakdarpour·
arXiv:2606.30966v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Formal specification is a powerful tool to guide the learning process and provides significant advantages over reward shaping: (1) mathematical rigor; (2) expressiveness to specify objectives and constraints, and (3) the ability to …
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Deepak Akhare, Luning Sun, Xin-Yang Liu, Xiantao Fan, Timo Bremer, Ben Zhu, Jian-Xun Wang·
arXiv:2606.31025v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Active flow control is a fundamental application in engineering. Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning have made progress in this field. However, the classical online RL approaches require extensive real-time interactions w…
arXiv:2606.31769v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We study policy optimization for online episodic tabular Markov decision processes with unknown transition kernels, aiming for best-of-both-worlds guarantees together with data-dependent regret bounds. Recent work (Dann et al., 2023…
arXiv:2606.31377v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning for long-horizon robotic manipulation is often limited by sparse and delayed rewards, while manually designing dense shaping signals is costly and brittle to changes in environments and object configurations…
arXiv:2606.31043v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Residual reinforcement learning adapts a pretrained robot policy by learning an additive correction to its actions. While effective when adaptation amounts to shifting the base policy's action distribution, additive corrections cann…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Tommaso Marzi, Cesare Alippi, Andrea Cini·
arXiv:2507.23604v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Decentralized Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) methods allow for learning scalable multi-agent policies, but suffer from partial observability and induced non-stationarity. These challenges can be addressed by introduci…
Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning (URL) aims to pre-train scalable, skill-conditioned policies without extrinsic rewards, serving as a foundation for downstream control tasks. Despite recent progress, we argue that current off-policy URL methods are limited by two critical, ove…
Agentic reinforcement learning requires assigning credit to environment-facing actions such as searches, clicks, edits, navigation commands, and object interactions. Standard GRPO uses the final verifier outcome as a uniform advantage over all action tokens. This outcome signal i…
We study policy optimization for online episodic tabular Markov decision processes with unknown transition kernels, aiming for best-of-both-worlds guarantees together with data-dependent regret bounds. Recent work (Dann et al., 2023; Li et al., 2026) has shown that policy optimiz…
arXiv:2606.29820v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In complex continuous-control reinforcement learning tasks, multimodal optimal actions often coincide with uncertain, multimodal return distributions, making reliable value estimation and multimodal exploration challenging. Existi…
arXiv:2606.29126v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) often relies on communication to mitigate partial observability, yet most existing protocols treat messages as flat dense vectors detached from the structure of the observations …
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Daiki E. Matsunaga, Junho Na, Tri Wahyu Guntara, Scott Sanner, Pascal Poupart, Jongmin Lee, Kee-Eung Kim·
arXiv:2606.30072v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cooperative tasks in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) require agents to collectively maximize a shared return. Under the Centralized Training with Decentralized Execution (CTDE) paradigm, policy gradients have remained diff…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Adithya Mohan, Daniel Kriegl, Torsten Sch\"on·
arXiv:2606.29867v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved significant success in robotics and autonomous systems, yet remains vulnerable to adversarial perturbations that can severely degrade performance. Research in adversarial reinforcemen…
arXiv:2606.29476v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Self-distilled agentic reinforcement learning augments trajectory-level reward with a token-level distillation loss, using as its teacher the same policy conditioned on privileged context. The prevailing recipe gates this loss by …
arXiv:2606.30376v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Aligning generative flow models on continuous spaces via online reinforcement learning is constrained by intractable trajectory likelihoods. Existing density-approximated policy gradient methods rely on stochastic SDE samplers to co…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Jing Liang, Hongyao Tang, Yi Ma, Yancheng He, Weixun Wang, Xiaoyang Li, Ju Huang, Wenbo Su, Jinyi Liu, Yan Zheng, Jianye Hao, Bo Zheng·
arXiv:2606.29526v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained growing attention in large language model (LLM) post-training, yet RL training remains fragile and can suffer from instability or collapse. One vital cause is training-inference mismatch: LLM a…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Jesse Ponnock, Lucas Ho·
arXiv:2606.29511v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: World 1-1 of Super Mario Bros is widely celebrated as a masterclass in game design: its progressive structure is credited with teaching players core mechanics through the level itself. We ask whether that structure is empirically me…
arXiv:2606.29201v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Behavior-cloned policies often learn multiple behavior modes from demonstration datasets, including modes that are unsafe or otherwise undesired at deployment. For example, a policy trained on diverse handover demonstrations may l…
arXiv:2606.29238v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) eliminates the learned critic in PPO by using the mean reward of grouped rollouts as a baseline. We provide a rigorous derivation of GRPO from first principles of the policy gradient theorem…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Congde Hu, Danping Li, Lin Xu, Wenying Xu·
arXiv:2606.28671v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Stackelberg differential games (SDGs) provide a powerful framework for hierarchical decision-making in stochastic and continuous-time environments, yet their solution remains computationally challenging due to the complexity of trad…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Congde Hu, Zhuo Jin, Danping Li, Lin Xu·
arXiv:2606.28669v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: To address parameter misspecification and sudden structural environmental changes in conventional stochastic differential game (SDG) frameworks, this paper introduces a distributional control approach that characterizes optimal stra…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Rajib Mostakim, Reza T. Batley, Sourav Saha·
arXiv:2601.23225v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly deployed in resource-constrained environments, yet go-to function approximators - multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) - are often parameter-inefficient due to an imperfect inducti…
arXiv:2601.22823v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study offline reinforcement learning of style-conditioned policies using explicit style supervision via subtrajectory labeling functions. In this setting, aligning style with high task performance is particularly challe…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Debmalya Mandal, Paulius Sasnauskas, Goran Radanovic·
arXiv:2503.00539v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has evolved to be one of the main methods for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). However, existing RLHF methods are non-robust, and their performance deteriorates if…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Charles Westphal, Stephen Hailes, Mirco Musolesi·
arXiv:2401.11512v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Identifying the most suitable variables to represent the state is a fundamental challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL). These variables must efficiently capture the information necessary for making optimal decisions. In …
TRIAGE introduces a role-typed credit assignment framework that enhances agentic reinforcement learning by providing more nuanced credit assignment than standard GRPO methods.
Formal specification is a powerful tool to guide the learning process and provides significant advantages over reward shaping: (1) mathematical rigor; (2) expressiveness to specify objectives and constraints, and (3) the ability to define tactics to achieve objectives. However, t…
Multi-robot systems must simultaneously optimize competing objectives while maintaining coordinated behavior. Existing multi-agent reinforcement learning approaches often rely on fixed or centralized coordination, which limits adaptability and violates distributed constraints. Th…
Aligning generative flow models on continuous spaces via online reinforcement learning is constrained by intractable trajectory likelihoods. Existing density-approximated policy gradient methods rely on stochastic SDE samplers to construct tractable transition kernels, which intr…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Difan Jiao, Raghav Singhal, Robert West, Ashton Anderson·
arXiv:2606.28166v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has significantly improved the reasoning capability of large language models, reaching expert or even superhuman performance in domains such as competition math. However, whether…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Qitai Tan, Zefang Zong, Yang Li, Peng Chen·
arXiv:2606.27814v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Training small language-model agents for long-horizon interactive tasks requires both fast imitation and reward-driven improvement. On-policy distillation (OPD) provides dense teacher guidance and typically improves rapidly in the e…
arXiv:2606.28152v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We propose KL-Coupled Policy Regularization (KCPR), a policy coordination framework for Reward-Punishment Reinforcement Learning (RPRL). Based on KCPR, we derive KL-Coupled Soft Optimality (KCSO) and develop its deep realization, kl…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Tianlin Pan, Lianyu Pang, Cheng Da, Huan Yang, Changqian Yu, Kun Gai, Wenhan Luo·
arXiv:2606.27771v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training improves the reward alignment of flow-based generators, but often degrades perceptual quality in ways that are not captured by the reward proxy. We identify a simple structural signature of …
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Austin A. Nguyen, Michael P. Wellman·
arXiv:2603.00374v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Offline learning of strategies takes data efficiency to its extreme by restricting algorithms to a fixed dataset of state-action trajectories. We consider the problem in a mixed-motive multiagent setting, where the goal is to so…
Training-inference mismatch in reinforcement learning for large language models leads to instability, which is addressed through a new policy optimization objective and framework that ensures consistent policy improvements between training and inference phases.
Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has significantly improved the reasoning capability of large language models, reaching expert or even superhuman performance in domains such as competition math. However, whether weaker agents and humans can actually harness t…
We propose KL-Coupled Policy Regularization (KCPR), a policy coordination framework for Reward-Punishment Reinforcement Learning (RPRL). Based on KCPR, we derive KL-Coupled Soft Optimality (KCSO) and develop its deep realization, klDMP. Unlike existing RPRL approaches that optimi…
Training small language-model agents for long-horizon interactive tasks requires both fast imitation and reward-driven improvement. On-policy distillation (OPD) provides dense teacher guidance and typically improves rapidly in the early stage, but its gains saturate once the stud…
Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training improves the reward alignment of flow-based generators, but often degrades perceptual quality in ways that are not captured by the reward proxy. We identify a simple structural signature of this drift: across three post-training methods (…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Wenjie Huang, Yang Li, Jingjia Teng, Mingwei Jin, Kai Song, Yougang Bian, Yongfu Li, Qisong Yang, Helai Huang·
arXiv:2606.26527v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Transfer learning improves policy learning efficiency by reusing knowledge from source tasks, providing a feasible paradigm for safe and efficient autonomous highway lane changing decision-making. Existing methods frequently encount…
arXiv:2606.26333v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning in large or sparse-reward environments suffers from slow temporal-difference reward propagation, as value information spreads only locally across the state space. We propose Mesh-RL, a spatial domain-decomposi…
arXiv:2606.26397v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Real-world decision-making often requires balancing multiple conflicting objectives, a challenge that standard Reinforcement Learning (RL) frequently addresses by aggregating rewards into a single scalar signal. While effective fo…
arXiv:2606.26917v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Online reinforcement learning is widely used to align large language models (LLMs) with reward signals, yet training can be unstable under noisy or misspecified rewards. We identify a failure mode we call directional inconsistency…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Jesper Klicks, Sander Vr\v{z}ina, Vincent Fran\c{c}ois-Lavet·
arXiv:2606.27032v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Energy trading decisions depend not only on current market prices, but also on expected future market conditions, and operational constraints. This makes the state representation given to a reinforcement learning agent an importan…
arXiv:2606.26790v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Outcome-based reinforcement learning provides a stable optimization backbone for language agents, but its sparse trajectory-level rewards provide little guidance on which intermediate decisions should be reinforced or suppressed. On…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Rongjian Chen, Jianmin Hu, Kejiang Ye, Minxian Xu·
arXiv:2606.26997v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) post-training for reasoning increasingly relies on reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), where models learn from ground-truth feedback on mathematical, logical, and scientific tasks. To …
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Erhan Bayraktar, Martin Hernandez, Qinxin Yan, Yuhua Zhu·
arXiv:2606.26498v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper addresses model-free continuous-time mean-field control in a setting where the population dynamics evolve continuously according to an unknown McKean-Vlasov stochastic differential equation, while only discrete-time tra…
arXiv:2606.27369v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) for training LLMs typically rely on ground-truth answers to assign rewards, limiting their applicability to tasks where the ground-truth solution is unknown. We introduce a \text…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Shicheng Ye, Chao Yu·
arXiv:2606.27136v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: For LLM agents in multi-step interactive environments, a key challenge is to make effective use of accumulated interaction experience. Existing work has typically separated two uses of such experience: keeping it outside the model a…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Boyun Zhang, Chao Wang, Kai Wu·
arXiv:2606.26327v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: In actor-critic reinforcement learning, network architectures are typically manually designed. Automating this design is challenging because each candidate must be trained before evaluation, and the design space is open-ended. To …
Reinforcement learning post-training degrades perceptual quality in flow-based generators through velocity norm inflation, which requires training-time intervention rather than inference-time corrections to maintain both reward alignment and image quality.
Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) for training LLMs typically rely on ground-truth answers to assign rewards, limiting their applicability to tasks where the ground-truth solution is unknown. We introduce a \textbf{R}anking-\textbf{i}nduced \textbf{VER}ifiable…
For LLM agents in multi-step interactive environments, a key challenge is to make effective use of accumulated interaction experience. Existing work has typically separated two uses of such experience: keeping it outside the model as natural-language rules for later prompting, or…
Energy trading decisions depend not only on current market prices, but also on expected future market conditions, and operational constraints. This makes the state representation given to a reinforcement learning agent an important design choice. We study this in HydroDam, a pump…
Large language model (LLM) post-training for reasoning increasingly relies on reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), where models learn from ground-truth feedback on mathematical, logical, and scientific tasks. To enable flexible resource allocation and support he…
Online reinforcement learning is widely used to align large language models (LLMs) with reward signals, yet training can be unstable under noisy or misspecified rewards. We identify a failure mode we call directional inconsistency: within a batch, a small set of high-reward rollo…
Outcome-based reinforcement learning provides a stable optimization backbone for language agents, but its sparse trajectory-level rewards provide little guidance on which intermediate decisions should be reinforced or suppressed. On-policy self-distillation offers dense token-lev…
arXiv:2511.05933v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) is often credited with improving language model reasoning at the expense of knowledge. We challenge this narrative by showing that reasoning models consistently outperform their instruction-tuned vers…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Yuexin Bian, Jie Feng, Tao Wang, Yijiang Li, Sicun Gao, Yuanyuan Shi·
arXiv:2601.23075v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: On-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) remains a dominant paradigm for continuous control, yet standard implementations rely on Gaussian actors and relatively shallow MLP policies, often leading to brittle optimization when gradi…
arXiv:2512.06244v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: The exploration-exploitation dilemma in reinforcement learning (RL) is a fundamental challenge to efficient RL algorithms. Existing algorithms for finite state and action discounted RL problems address this by assuming sufficien…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Thiago Thomas, Gabriel de Oliveira Ramos, Felipe Meneguzzi·
arXiv:2606.25978v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Multi-agent goal recognition asks an observer to jointly infer which agents act together and what each team is trying to achieve, so the hypothesis space grows combinatorially with the number of team partitions and goals per team.…
arXiv:2606.25852v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Group-based reinforcement learning effectively post-trains LLM agents for long-horizon, sparse-reward tasks by deriving step-level credit from trajectory outcomes. However, this ties a step's credit to its rollout's final outcome: s…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Samuel Valland Lyngset, Tor Viljen Raanaas, Gard Sveipe, Eirik M{\o}ller Nilsen, Jim Torresen, Kai Olav Ellefsen, Tobias L{\o}mo·
arXiv:2606.25700v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: When fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been success in minimizing both memory usage and computation with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), like Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA). In this article, we have explored wh…
arXiv:2606.25527v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Online reinforcement learning (RL) agents increasingly depend on knowledge acquired offline to achieve practical efficiency. Originally studied in offline-to-online RL, this paradigm now spans foundation model post-training and embo…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Bang Giang Le, Viet Cuong Ta·
arXiv:2606.25526v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning assumes each agent shares the same reward function and can be trained effectively using the Trust Region framework of single-agent. Instead of relying on other agents' actions, the inde…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Yivan Zhang, Ziyan Luo, Manuel Baltieri·
arXiv:2606.25357v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: State abstraction plays a key role in scaling reinforcement learning to complex but structured systems. In studying such systems, a wide range of behavioral structures have been studied in reinforcement learning, including value fun…
arXiv:2606.25335v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) value factorization methods can suffer from a loss of plasticity, gradually failing to adapt when transferring to new task instances. We trace this issue to stagnant neurons, units whose gra…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Animesh Animesh, Satheesh K Perepu, Kaushik Dey·
arXiv:2606.25073v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), from a deployment perspective, it is challenging and expensive to train agents from scratch for each new environment or task. In this work, we propose GCT-MARL, a transfer le…
arXiv:2606.25012v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Many reinforcement learning (RL) problems in the infinite-horizon average-reward setting require optimizing multiple conflicting objectives while satisfying multiple safety constraints. A common approach is concave scalarization, wh…
arXiv:2606.24994v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) for language-model reasoning can fail at both extremes of task difficulty: easy prompts often produce all-correct, low-diversity rollout groups with little gradient signal, while…
arXiv:2606.24962v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent progress in large-scale sequence modeling has shown that a single model can learn useful representations across highly diverse data distributions. Inspired by these advances, we investigate whether a unified transformer polic…
arXiv cs.LG
TIER_1English(EN)·Haoyuan Deng, Yihong Zhou, Thomas Morstyn, Yi Wang·
arXiv:2606.24947v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) is crucial for power system decarbonization, yet unlocking DERs' flexibility is challenged by their inherent uncertainties and modelling complexity. As traditional op…
arXiv cs.CL
TIER_1English(EN)·Yupu Hao, Zhuoran Jin, Huanxuan Liao, Kang Liu, Jun Zhao·
arXiv:2606.26027v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Tool use enables large language models (LLMs) to perform complex tasks, and recent agentic reinforcement learning (RL) methods show promise for enhancing model capabilities. However, RL alone often leads to instability or limited ga…
arXiv:2606.25757v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) has enabled LLMs to excel in objective reasoning tasks such as mathematics and code generation. However, applying RL to open-ended tasks, such as creative writing, remains challenging because LLM-as-a-jud…
arXiv:2606.25556v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Stepwise group-based RL is an attractive way to train long-horizon LLM agents without a learned critic: it reuses multiple sampled rollouts to estimate local advantages. Its weakness is less visible but more fundamental: every group…
Transfer learning improves policy learning efficiency by reusing knowledge from source tasks, providing a feasible paradigm for safe and efficient autonomous highway lane changing decision-making. Existing methods frequently encounter transfer mismatch induced by distribution shi…
This paper addresses model-free continuous-time mean-field control in a setting where the population dynamics evolve continuously according to an unknown McKean-Vlasov stochastic differential equation, while only discrete-time transition data are available. In the model-based for…
This paper addresses model-free continuous-time mean-field control in a setting where the population dynamics evolve continuously according to an unknown McKean-Vlasov stochastic differential equation, while only discrete-time transition data are available. In the model-based for…
On-policy skill distillation framework extracts dense hindsight supervision from completed trajectories to improve language agent training efficiency and performance.
Tool use enables large language models (LLMs) to perform complex tasks, and recent agentic reinforcement learning (RL) methods show promise for enhancing model capabilities. However, RL alone often leads to instability or limited gains in tool-use tasks. In our experiments, some …
Multi-agent goal recognition asks an observer to jointly infer which agents act together and what each team is trying to achieve, so the hypothesis space grows combinatorially with the number of team partitions and goals per team. Real applications such as drone surveillance and …
Multi-agent goal recognition asks an observer to jointly infer which agents act together and what each team is trying to achieve, so the hypothesis space grows combinatorially with the number of team partitions and goals per team. Real applications such as drone surveillance and …
Group-based reinforcement learning effectively post-trains LLM agents for long-horizon, sparse-reward tasks by deriving step-level credit from trajectory outcomes. However, this ties a step's credit to its rollout's final outcome: semantically near-identical intermediate steps re…
Group-based reinforcement learning effectively post-trains LLM agents for long-horizon, sparse-reward tasks by deriving step-level credit from trajectory outcomes. However, this ties a step's credit to its rollout's final outcome: semantically near-identical intermediate steps re…
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has enabled LLMs to excel in objective reasoning tasks such as mathematics and code generation. However, applying RL to open-ended tasks, such as creative writing, remains challenging because LLM-as-a-judge reward models often exhibit stylistic biases …
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has enabled LLMs to excel in objective reasoning tasks such as mathematics and code generation. However, applying RL to open-ended tasks, such as creative writing, remains challenging because LLM-as-a-judge reward models often exhibit stylistic biases …
When fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been success in minimizing both memory usage and computation with Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), like Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA). In this article, we have explored whether this approach is transferable to the world…
Stepwise group-based RL is an attractive way to train long-horizon LLM agents without a learned critic: it reuses multiple sampled rollouts to estimate local advantages. Its weakness is less visible but more fundamental: every group-relative estimator assumes that the steps it co…
Online reinforcement learning (RL) agents increasingly depend on knowledge acquired offline to achieve practical efficiency. Originally studied in offline-to-online RL, this paradigm now spans foundation model post-training and embodied intelligence, with prior types expanding fr…
Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning assumes each agent shares the same reward function and can be trained effectively using the Trust Region framework of single-agent. Instead of relying on other agents' actions, the independent actors setting considers each agent to a…
Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning assumes each agent shares the same reward function and can be trained effectively using the Trust Region framework of single-agent. Instead of relying on other agents' actions, the independent actors setting considers each agent to a…
arXiv:2606.24160v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Causal inference provides a set of principles and tools that allow one to combine data and knowledge about an environment to reason with questions of counterfactual nature, i.e., what would have happened had reality been different, …
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Akshay V. Jagadeesh, Rahul K. Arora, Khaled Saab, Ali Malik, Mikhail Trofimov, Foivos Tsimpourlas, Johannes Heidecke, Karan Singhal·
arXiv:2606.24014v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As AI systems are deployed across increasingly diverse and high-stakes settings, model alignment must generalize beyond the tasks and domains seen during training. This is especially important for reinforcement learning (RL), which …
arXiv:2606.24064v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Distilling reasoning capabilities from strong to weak language models typically involves imitating specific solution trajectories, effectively transferring what to answer rather than how to reason. This trajectory-level imitation en…
arXiv:2602.22810v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: In this work, we present the first theoretical analysis of multi-agent imitation learning (MAIL) in linear Markov games where both the transition dynamics and each agent's reward function are linear in some given features. We de…
arXiv:2606.24601v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) addresses the problem of training multiple agents that pursue collaborative, competitive, or mixed objectives. Prior work has investigated transfer learning between source and target domains…
arXiv cs.AI
TIER_1English(EN)·Bingnan Xiao, Chenhao Yang, Wei Ni, Xin Wang, Tony Q. S. Quek·
arXiv:2606.24416v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Network operators' changing policies, service requirements, and stringent real-time constraints render existing methods designed with fixed objectives and constraints ineffective. This paper presents Agentic long-term performance op…
State abstraction plays a key role in scaling reinforcement learning to complex but structured systems. In studying such systems, a wide range of behavioral structures have been studied in reinforcement learning, including value functions, invariants, bisimulation relations, and …
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) value factorization methods can suffer from a loss of plasticity, gradually failing to adapt when transferring to new task instances. We trace this issue to stagnant neurons, units whose gradient updates become negligibly small relative t…
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) value factorization methods can suffer from a loss of plasticity, gradually failing to adapt when transferring to new task instances. We trace this issue to stagnant neurons, units whose gradient updates become negligibly small relative t…
Research investigates how different supervisory signals and training strategies improve the stability and performance of large language models in tool-use tasks, addressing issues like catastrophic collapse and format sensitivity through interleaved supervised fine-tuning and rei…
In cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), from a deployment perspective, it is challenging and expensive to train agents from scratch for each new environment or task. In this work, we propose GCT-MARL, a transfer learning framework that builds on the multi-view g…
Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) addresses the problem of training multiple agents that pursue collaborative, competitive, or mixed objectives. Prior work has investigated transfer learning between source and target domains in MARL; however, the majority of existing appr…
Network operators' changing policies, service requirements, and stringent real-time constraints render existing methods designed with fixed objectives and constraints ineffective. This paper presents Agentic long-term performance optimization (Agentic-LTPO), a nested bilevel opti…
The increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) is crucial for power system decarbonization, yet unlocking DERs' flexibility is challenged by their inherent uncertainties and modelling complexity. As traditional optimization methods struggle with such uncertaint…
Causal inference provides a set of principles and tools that allow one to combine data and knowledge about an environment to reason with questions of counterfactual nature, i.e., what would have happened had reality been different, even when no data of this unrealized reality is …
As AI systems are deployed across increasingly diverse and high-stakes settings, model alignment must generalize beyond the tasks and domains seen during training. This is especially important for reinforcement learning (RL), which can introduce unexpected misalignment through re…
Group-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) has significantly enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) in agentic scenarios. To achieve finer-grained policy updates, recent agentic RL frameworks have shifted from trajectory-level to step-level training. However, long-horizon agentic RL …
Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly deployed in consumer, medical, financial, and enterprise applications. This broad deployment expands the safety surface: risks can arise from multimodal question answering, assistant responses, and cross-modal composition, while mode…
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been widely applied to sequential decision-making, yet it often suffers from poor sample efficiency due to costly interactions with the environment. A limited line of recent work has started exploring improving RL efficiency by leveraging external …
arXiv:2606.20002v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This work presents a general framework for training large language models (LLMs) to "Connect the Dots" (CoD), a meta-capability required by long-lifecycle agents: as an LLM-based AI agent gets deployed in an environment, it solves…
This work presents a general framework for training large language models (LLMs) to "Connect the Dots" (CoD), a meta-capability required by long-lifecycle agents: as an LLM-based AI agent gets deployed in an environment, it solves a long sequence of tasks while continuously explo…
Large language models can be trained through reinforcement learning to develop a meta-capability enabling continuous learning and adaptation across long sequences of tasks in dynamic environments.
arXiv stat.ML
TIER_1English(EN)·Sara Rajaram, R. James Cotton, Fabian H. Sinz·
arXiv:2506.12529v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Preference-based Reinforcement Learning (PbRL) entails a variety of approaches for aligning models with human intent to alleviate the burden of reward engineering. However, most previous PbRL work has not investigated the …
arXiv:2607.11607v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Distributional reinforcement learning agents learn full return distributions that are increasingly read at face value: for interpretability, risk-sensitive control, and safety monitoring. We ask a question theory anticipates but t…
arXiv:2607.10960v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Trader-facing dynamic fees are increasingly proposed for automated market makers (AMMs), but historical data do not identify how order flow would respond: trader-facing fees do not vary, trader types are latent, and a replayed tap…
arXiv stat.ML
TIER_1English(EN)·Asim H. Gazi, Yongyi Guo, Daiqi Gao, Ziping Xu, Kelly W. Zhang, Susan A. Murphy·
arXiv:2601.15353v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in real-world decision-making across diverse domains, including gaming, robotics, online advertising, public health, and natural language processing. Despite thes…
arXiv:2506.07040v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study model-free methods for distributionally robust infinite-horizon average-reward Markov decision processes (MDPs). We present non-asymptotic convergence analyses of Q-learning and actor-critic algorithms for robust …
arXiv stat.ML
TIER_1English(EN)·Miao Lu, Han Zhong, Tong Zhang, Jose Blanchet·
arXiv:2404.03578v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The sim-to-real gap, which represents the disparity between training and testing environments, poses a significant challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). A promising approach to addressing this challenge is distribution…
Distributional reinforcement learning agents learn full return distributions that are increasingly read at face value: for interpretability, risk-sensitive control, and safety monitoring. We ask a question theory anticipates but that has not been measured directly: are the risk c…
Trader-facing dynamic fees are increasingly proposed for automated market makers (AMMs), but historical data do not identify how order flow would respond: trader-facing fees do not vary, trader types are latent, and a replayed tape is not a sequential decision environment. We the…
arXiv stat.ML
TIER_1English(EN)·Zijie Cheng, Yang Peng, Zhihua Zhang·
arXiv:2607.08444v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this paper, we study quantile-based distributional reinforcement learning from the perspective of statistical efficiency. We focus on distributional policy evaluation, whose goal is to characterize the return distribution, namely…
In this paper, we study quantile-based distributional reinforcement learning from the perspective of statistical efficiency. We focus on distributional policy evaluation, whose goal is to characterize the return distribution, namely the distribution of discounted cumulative rewar…
In this paper, we study quantile-based distributional reinforcement learning from the perspective of statistical efficiency. We focus on distributional policy evaluation, whose goal is to characterize the return distribution, namely the distribution of discounted cumulative rewar…
Reinforcement learning (RL) is increasingly grounded in tools from probability, optimization, and operator theory. This survey organizes the mathematical structures that underpin the design and analysis of modern algorithms in RL. We begin from Markov decision processes (MDPs) an…
arXiv cs.CV
TIER_1English(EN)·Dengyang Jiang, Dongyang Liu, Zanyi Wang, Qilong Wu, Liuzhuozheng Li, Hengzhuang Li, Xin Jin, David Liu, Changsheng Lu, Zhen Li, Bo Zhang, Mengmeng Wang, Steven Hoi, Peng Gao, Harry Yang·
arXiv:2511.13649v5 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD) facilitates efficient inference by distilling multi-step diffusion models into few-step variants. Concurrently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a vital tool for aligning genera…
arXiv:2607.01741v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a sequential decision-making framework in which an agent learns optimal policies through interaction with an environment by maximizing cumulative rewards. Among RL methods, Bayesian Reinforcement Learn…
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a sequential decision-making framework in which an agent learns optimal policies through interaction with an environment by maximizing cumulative rewards. Among RL methods, Bayesian Reinforcement Learning (BRL) addresses common practical challenges …
arXiv:2512.23075v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Policy gradient methods for Large Language Models optimize a policy $\pi_\theta$ via a surrogate objective computed from samples of a rollout policy $\pi_{\text{roll}}$. However, modern LLM-RL pipelines suffer from unavoid…
<p>Hello everyone 😀 Welcome to this blog post !</p><p>Today we are going to see a real world application of Dynamic Programming in a Robotics Task. In a previous <a href="https://medium.com/@fousseyni.phd/rl-in-discrete-world-dynamic-programming-part2-generalized-policy-iteration…
<h4>Building Large Language Model Predictive Confidence to Navigate Uncertainty with Resiliency and Conviction</h4><p>Environments are in constant change as the physical world and contextual signals evolve to reflect new meaning or redefine ground truth. Large language models (LL…
Moving beyond heuristic safety, non-vacuous generalization bounds are critical for formal verification in reinforcement learning. If we cannot mathematically guarantee that an agent stays within its policy constraints, deploying it in high-stakes environments is reckless. # AI # …
