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LLM Agents Enhance Medical Coding Accuracy with Structured Knowledge

Researchers have developed RAG-Coding, a novel method that uses four large language model (LLM) agents to improve the accuracy of automated medical coding for ICD-10-CM. This approach grounds the LLMs' decisions in external knowledge sources like official coding guidelines and tabular lists, enhancing clinical compliance. In evaluations on the MDACE dataset, RAG-Coding demonstrated significant improvements over existing LLM-based baselines, achieving higher micro-F1 and macro-F1 scores. The study also introduced an updated dataset, MDACE-2025, which incorporates the latest 2025 ICD-10-CM guidelines for more precise evaluation. AI

IMPACT This research could lead to more accurate and compliant automated medical coding systems, reducing errors and improving healthcare administration.

RANK_REASON The cluster describes a research paper detailing a new method for medical coding using LLMs. [lever_c_demoted from research: ic=1 ai=1.0]

Read on arXiv cs.AI →

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COVERAGE [1]

  1. arXiv cs.AI TIER_1 English(EN) · Yidong Gan, David D. Nguyen, Yang Lin, Peter Zhong, Thanh Vu, Long Duong, Yuan-Fang Li ·

    RAG-Coding: Enhancing LLM Medical Coding with Structured External Knowledge

    arXiv:2605.27377v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We present RAG-Coding, an agentic method for automated ICD-10-CM coding. RAG-Coding orchestrates four large language model (LLM) agents and grounds their coding decisions in external knowledge sources (e.g. the official coding tab…