A recent study published on arXiv and covered by VentureBeat investigated the impact of different coding agent harnesses on LLM performance. Researchers from Shandong University found that when using the same underlying model, the choice of harness had minimal effect on task scores, with most variations falling within a five-point margin. However, the cost per task varied significantly, with one harness, Claude Code, incurring up to three times the expense due to its extensive preamble tokens. The study tested Claude Code, OpenCode, and mini-SWE-agent across various models, including Qwen, DeepSeek-V4-Flash, GLM-5.3-Flash, HY4-Preview, and Claude Opus-5. AI
IMPACT Highlights that the surrounding agent framework has minimal impact on LLM performance but can significantly affect cost, influencing deployment strategies.
RANK_REASON Academic paper detailing LLM harness performance and cost. [lever_c_demoted from research: ic=1 ai=1.0]
- arXiv
- Berkeley
- Claude Code
- Claude Opus-5
- DeepSeek-V4 Flash
- Hy4 preview
- mini-SWE-agent
- OpenCode
- Qwen
- Shandong University
- SWE-bench Verified
- VentureBeat
- Yangze Liu
- Zhongyi Han
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