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RLVR gains in LLMs may be due to answer formatting, not capability

A new paper questions the reported gains of Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) in large language models, suggesting that much of the improvement on out-of-domain tasks like MMLU is due to answer formatting rather than genuine capability enhancement. Researchers found that when answer extraction methods were adjusted to look for answers anywhere in the text, not just within a specific box, the reported gains significantly diminished. This indicates that the RLVR process may primarily be teaching models to place answers in a preferred format for extractors, rather than improving their underlying reasoning or knowledge. AI

IMPACT Suggests current RLVR gains might be superficial, prompting a re-evaluation of LLM training and evaluation methods.

RANK_REASON The cluster contains an academic paper detailing research findings on LLM training methodologies. [lever_c_demoted from research: ic=1 ai=1.0]

Read on arXiv cs.CL →

AI-generated summary · Google Gemini · from 1 sources. How we write summaries →

RLVR gains in LLMs may be due to answer formatting, not capability

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The cluster contains an academic paper detailing research findings on LLM training methodologies. [lever_c_demoted from research: ic=1 ai=1.0]
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COVERAGE [1]

  1. arXiv cs.CL TIER_1 English(EN) · Zongye Lyu ·

    Same Answer, New Box: How Much of RLVR's Out-of-Domain Gain Is Answer Format?

    arXiv:2610.20639v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is credited with gains beyond the domain its rewards check, such as higher MMLU accuracy after training on mathematics. Such accuracies are usually read out of the model's text…