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AI foundation model adoption surges in science, but smaller models lag frontier development

A new analysis of over half a million scientific papers reveals a rapid, near-exponential increase in the adoption of AI foundation models across various disciplines, particularly in linguistics, computer science, and engineering. The study found that open-weight models are predominantly used, and while scientists are adopting these models, they are increasingly using smaller versions compared to the larger models being developed by AI builders. This trend suggests that scientists may be missing out on the full benefits of AI, as papers utilizing larger models tend to be published in higher-impact journals and receive more citations. AI

IMPACT Suggests that the gap between AI development and scientific adoption of models may be limiting scientific progress and impact.

RANK_REASON Analysis of scientific papers on arXiv regarding AI foundation model adoption. [lever_c_demoted from research: ic=1 ai=1.0]

Read on arXiv cs.AI →

AI-generated summary · Google Gemini · from 1 sources. How we write summaries →

AI foundation model adoption surges in science, but smaller models lag frontier development

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Analysis of scientific papers on arXiv regarding AI foundation model adoption. [lever_c_demoted from research: ic=1 ai=1.0]
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COVERAGE [1]

  1. arXiv cs.AI TIER_1 English(EN) · Ana Tri\v{s}ovi\'c, Alex Fogelson, Janakan Sivaloganathan, Neil Thompson ·

    Science Is Falling Behind the Frontier: Foundation Model Adoption Across Half a Million Papers

    arXiv:2511.21739v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We present the first large-scale analysis of AI foundation model usage in science -- not just citations or keywords. We find that adoption has grown rapidly, at nearly-exponential rates, with the highest uptake in Linguist…