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Formalized Hopfield Networks and Boltzmann Machines in Lean~4

Researchers have formalized Hopfield Networks and Boltzmann Machines using the Lean~4 proof assistant, addressing the challenge of verifying neural network behavior. The formalization includes proving the convergence of Hopfield networks and the correctness of Hebbian learning for pattern encoding. Additionally, it covers the dynamics and learning of Boltzmann machines, proving their ergodicity through a novel formalization of the Perron--Frobenius theorem, which ensures convergence to a unique stationary distribution. AI

IMPACT Enhances the theoretical understanding and verifiability of recurrent and stochastic neural networks.

RANK_REASON The cluster contains an academic paper detailing formalizations of neural network models. [lever_c_demoted from research: ic=1 ai=1.0]

Read on arXiv cs.LG →

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Formalized Hopfield Networks and Boltzmann Machines in Lean~4

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The cluster contains an academic paper detailing formalizations of neural network models. [lever_c_demoted from research: ic=1 ai=1.0]
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COVERAGE [1]

  1. arXiv cs.LG TIER_1 English(EN) · Matteo Cipollina, Michail Karatarakis, Freek Wiedijk ·

    Formalized Hopfield Networks and Boltzmann Machines

    arXiv:2512.07766v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Neural networks are widely used, yet their analysis and verification remain challenging. We present a Lean~4 formalization covering both deterministic and stochastic models. We first formalize Hopfield networks -- recurrent netw…