This paper presents mathematical counterexamples to Rockafellar's sum conjecture, specifically addressing the behavior of maximally monotone operators. The authors construct examples on the spaces $c_0$ and $\ell^1$ where two such operators satisfy the interior-domain condition, yet their sum does not exhibit maximal monotonicity. A general construction theorem is introduced to compute the monotone polar of certain graphs and establish conditions for maximal monotonicity, which is then applied to generate the counterexample on $c_0$. Additionally, a bounded linear surjection is used to derive the counterexample for $\ell^1$. The work includes formalizations of the $c_0$ counterexample and a related lemma in Lean. AI
RANK_REASON The item is a research paper submitted to arXiv cs.LG. [lever_c_demoted from research: ic=1 ai=0.1]
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