John B. Calhoun's experiments in the 1960s and 70s, known as "Mouse Utopia" and "Universe 2," demonstrated how social breakdown can lead to population collapse even in environments with abundant resources. In these controlled settings, mice were provided with unlimited food, water, and protection from predators, yet their societies devolved into destructive behaviors, including the formation of social castes and a decline in reproductive success. The ultimate outcome was the extinction of the populations, illustrating Calhoun's theories on the potential for social pathologies to drive extinction. AI
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