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Transformers exhibit 'shattered compositionality' in arithmetic learning

A new research paper titled "Shattered Compositionality" explores the learning dynamics of transformers when trained on arithmetic tasks. The study, led by Xingyu Zhao, found that these models often acquire skills in reverse or parallel orders, deviating from human-like sequential learning. This "shattered compositionality" is attributed to correlational matching with training data rather than causal reasoning, leading to characteristic mixing errors and reduced robustness. The research indicates that these issues persist even in modern large language models and are not resolved by scaling or scratchpad supervision. AI

IMPACT Highlights limitations in transformer arithmetic reasoning and robustness, suggesting current training methods may not foster human-like compositional skills.

RANK_REASON Research paper detailing novel findings on transformer learning dynamics. [lever_c_demoted from research: ic=1 ai=1.0]

Read on arXiv cs.AI →

AI-generated summary · Google Gemini · from 1 sources. How we write summaries →

Transformers exhibit 'shattered compositionality' in arithmetic learning

COVERAGE [1]

  1. arXiv cs.AI TIER_1 English(EN) · Xingyu Zhao, Darsh Sharma, Rheeya Uppaal, Yiqiao Zhong ·

    Shattered Compositionality: Counterintuitive Learning Dynamics of Transformers for Arithmetic

    arXiv:2601.22510v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) often achieve strong benchmark accuracy yet remain brittle under small distribution shifts. While recent mechanistic studies reveal the discrepancy between LLMs and humans in skill compositions…