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LLMs fail at information-seeking in agentic clinical reasoning

A new study published on arXiv evaluated the performance of large language models (LLMs) in agentic clinical reasoning within hematologic oncology. The research found that even the best-performing models achieved only 68% accuracy, with a significant drop in information utilization in later diagnostic stages. Models exhibited a failure to seek critical data, mirroring cognitive biases seen in novice clinicians, indicating that their primary limitation is not knowledge recall but information-seeking under uncertainty. AI

IMPACT Highlights a critical gap in LLM capabilities for complex, multi-step decision-making, suggesting current models are not ready for autonomous clinical applications.

RANK_REASON Research paper on LLM limitations in a specific domain. [lever_c_demoted from research: ic=1 ai=1.0]

Read on arXiv cs.AI →

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LLMs fail at information-seeking in agentic clinical reasoning

COVERAGE [1]

  1. arXiv cs.AI TIER_1 English(EN) · Krischan Braitsch, Laura K. Schmalbrock, Theresa Weltermann, Andrew F. Berdel, Isabella Miller, Kai Tran, Michael Heider, Sabrina Kraus, Florian Bassermann, Jacqueline Lammert, Sebastian Ziegelmayer, Marcus Makowski, Lisa C. Adams, Keno K. Bressem ·

    Information-seeking failures of large language models in agentic clinical reasoning

    arXiv:2607.10275v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large language models achieve high scores on medical knowledge assessments, yet clinical reasoning requires actively deciding what to investigate under uncertainty. We developed an agentic evaluation framework in hematologic oncolog…